Copy-pasting code from the PDF version of the book

Readers reaching the website from the PDF version of the book may have noticed that copy-pasting commands and scripts from the digital edition of the book may produce errors once the commands/scripts are run on the PC. This is most likely due to the formatting of the code in the PDF file, where - for typesetting reasons - the font employed generates incorrect results when pasted to plain-text. These can be the result of a number of reasons, including:

• the presence of ligatures: one such example is the word trafilatura as in [c5.04] - reported below in fig. 0.06 where the letters f and i are included as one single character (representing the ligature fi) instead of two separate ones (fi)

• the use of alternative characters: it is the case of [c5.31] where the character EN DASH (Unicode character U+2013, see fig. 0.07 for a depiction of how it appears in the PDF version) is used instead of HYPHEN-MINUS (Unicode character U+002D). While they may appear identical, they are in fact two different entities: this can be noted when put side-by-side -–. In CLI commands and scripts only the HYPHEN-MINUS one is accepted.

Figure 0.06 Example of ligature as included in the PDF version of the book

Figure 0.07 Example of EN-DASH as included in the PDF version of the book